![]() In the weak example above, you can see the sentence structure in the paraphrase is very similar to the quotation-notice, for instance, the use in both the original sentence and the weak paraphrase of a comma plus the conjunction “and.” Also, the replacement of Allport’s words with synonyms makes the paraphrase too close to the original-Allport’s “education” is replaced STRONG PARAPHRASE: Allport explains that the more we learn, the harder we will find it to make unfair assumptions about groups of people, which means as more people pursue more education, prejudice decreases (422). WEAK PARAPHRASE: Learning fights against stereotypes, and as more people are more educated we notice a decrease in prejudice (422). “Education combats easy overgeneralizations, and as the educational level rises we find a reduction in stereotyped thinking” (Allport 422). Here is another quotation from Allport and an example of weak and strong paraphrase: Remember to cite your source when you paraphrase. Even though a paraphrase is in your words, it is not your idea. Also, because paraphrasing involves wrapping your words around someone else’s idea, people often forget to give credit to the author. To paraphrase a source for use as evidence, you should use as little of the original language as possible and put the passage in your own voice and sentence structure. Typically, a quotation of four or five lines is considered long. Depending on what citation style you use, guidelines differ regarding what defines a long quotation and how a long quotation should be formatted. Longer quotations must be formatted in a special way usually, they are indented from the left margin and/or single-spaced. attitudes are likely to change, perhaps more rapidly than through the continued preaching or teaching of tolerance” (417). “The best opinion today says that if we eliminate discrimination. You could modify the quotation like this: “The best opinion today says that if we eliminate discrimination, then-as people become acquainted with one another on equal terms-attitudes are likely to change, perhaps more rapidly than through the continued preaching or teaching of tolerance” (417).īut the middle part is less important to your paper than what Allport says at the start and the end. Again, say you wanted to use this quotation from Allport: You can also use ellipses to indicate that you have left irrelevant words out of a quotation. The young man in my example was not prejudiced, according to Allport’s definition his opinion was “reversible when exposed to new knowledge” (417). However, you want to apply Allport’s words to a specific example of your own. “It should be added that overgeneralized prejudgments of this sort are prejudices only if they are not reversible when exposed to new knowledge” (417). Say, for example, you liked this quotation from Allport: You can adapt a quotation to fit your own paragraph and sentence structure by making small changes to words and indicating those changes with square brackets. “Much prejudice,” Allport claims, “is caught rather than directly taught” (418). “Much prejudice is caught rather than directly taught,” claims Allport (418). When you use a q uotation as evidence, you should integrate it into your own writing using a “signal phrase.” Take, for example, this quotation, taken from page 418 of the essay “Prejudice and the Individual” by Gordon Allport: “Much prejudice is caught rather than directly taught.” Here are three ways to integrate Allport’s quotation into a sentence of your own with a signal phrase:Īllport claims that “prejudice is caught rather than directly taught” (418). In what follows, you will learn some strategies for using these methods of incorporating evidence into your paper. Some words to use in signal phrases are argues, asserts, contends, emphasizes, explains, observes, suggests, writes. ![]() summary, which is shorter than the original source and gives the text’s central idea in your own words.paraphrase, which is a rephrasing in your own voice and sentence structure of one portion of the original source and is about the same length as the original sentence or sentences you are paraphrasing.quotation, which is anything from a word to several sentences taken word-for-word from the original source and enclosed in quotation marks. ![]() ![]() There are three methods of incorporating the writing of others into your paper as evidence: ![]() It is important to learn how to use these writings responsibly and accurately. Often, the evidence college writers are asked to use comes from their textbooks, course readings, or other written work by professional scholars. Academic writing often requires students to use evidence, and learning how to use evidence effectively is an important skill for college writers to master. ![]()
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